Vane plates are considered as one of the most efficient devices in industry which are widely used to eliminate liquid droplets from gas flows. In this study, the two-phase flow of gas-liquid between the wavy plates of a type of vane separator was simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique and influences of three independent factors of inlet gas velocity, vane spacing and vane angle on the SEPARATION EFFICIENCY were investigated. To model the liquid-gas flow, Eurelian-Lagrangian approach was applied and separator EFFICIENCY was evaluated within a velocity range of 3-8m/s while mass fraction of liquid droplets in the gas flow was 0.089. The liquid film breakup phenomenon was considered in these simulations. Having compared simulation results with experimental data, we realized that there was an average error about 0.9% in simulations. Regarding the simulation results, vane SEPARATION EFFICIENCY depends on inlet gas velocity and geometrical parameters of the vanes.

In this research, the baseflow at the Gol Gol station, as a part of the Ilam dam watershed from 1991 to 2015, was separated from the entire river flow. For this purpose, WETSPRO methods, one-parameter and two-parameter numerical filters for continuous flow with porous and rocky aquifers, and using flow index and WHAT software with different filtration coefficients were used. To compare the methods and to select the most appropriate method, BFI index was used as an observational baseflow. Based on the results obtained, the baseflow occupies a major part of the total flow. The mean of the total flow rate was 1. 945 m3/s and the mean of the baseflow index was 1. 445 m3/s, which indicates the permeability of the watershed. RMSE, MAE, and Nash-Sutcliffe criteria were used to evaluate the EFFICIENCY of the methods. The results showed that the Lyne and Hollick method based on WHAT software had the best result and then followed by Eckhart for continuous flow with a porous aquifer with a significance level of 0. 742, mean 1. 250 m3/s, with a confidence level of more than 95%. Therefore, the Eckhart method can be considered suitable for continuous flow with a porous aquifer with a filter coefficient of 0. 990 due to the proximity of the mean baseflow in it to the mean of the baseflow index.

Shaking table is one of the most effective devices for gravity concentration which is used in coal washing for the particles sized from 0.15 to 9.5 mm. In this research, some parameters were determined such as longitudinal tilt, slide tilt and frequency which affect EFFICIENCY of shaking table. 16 one - parameter tests were carried out in order to determine the aforementioned parameters. Therefore, the optimum range of longitudinal tilt, slid tilt and frequency obtained were 0 to 0.5 degree, 3 to 4 degree and 240 to 260 cycle per minute respectively. Since there may exist interactive effects among these parameters, a three-parameter Hdamard experimental design was carried out on the optimum range of above parameters. Results of this experiment show that interactive effects exist between these parameters, and optimum rate of the longitudinal tilt, slide tilt and frequency are 0 degree, 3 degree and 260(rpm) respectively. SEPARATION EFFICIENCY for these parameters obtained were 64.2%, 55.5% and 47.55%, respectively.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is one of the most successful techniques of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and is mostly in use for the treatment of infertility with male factors. In this method, before injecting sperm into the intracytoplasmic of the oocyte, cumulus cells around the oocyte must be stripped to facilitate the injection process. To achieve this, both enzymatic and mechanical methods are used in embryological laboratories for denudation, which has major deficiencies, including the possibility of damaging the oocyte prior to the injection process. In this research, a microfluidic-based device is introduced for the SEPARATION of cumulus cells around the oocyte with minimum manual operations. The results prove high EFFICIENCY, and non-destructive denudation of the oocyte with the reduced amount of culture medium leads to the low-cost preparation process of oocytes. The process can also be integrated with ICSI chips under development and will be reported shortly.

This paper describes the performance of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) to adsorb and separate glucose and maltose solutes from the industrial effluents by adsorption process. In this study, the capability of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) to adsorb glucose and maltose were experimentally examined. Commercial GAC (mesh 12-20), supplied by Sigma Aldrich company in the UK was used in this work. The parameters affecting the sorbate adsorption such as the pH of the solution, initial solution concentration, shaking time and speed, sorbent dose and temperature were tested. Additionally, the adsorption equilibrium isotherm was also tested using the common isotherm modules; Langmuir and Freundlich. GAC exhibited a capability to adsorb glucose and maltose from the industrial effluent. Also, the glucose adsorption process was physical and in good agreement with the Freundlich isotherm model, while, the maltose adsorption process was a physical and the adsorption data can be adequately described by the Freundlich and Langmuir models.

This paper proposes a novel design for a hybrid engine air-particle separator filter (HEAPS) that combines the vortex tube separator (VTS) with the inertial particle separator (IPS) to enhance SEPARATION EFFICIENCY. Helicopters often operate in harsh environments, such as deserts, and landing on unprepared runways poses a severe risk to turboshaft engines due to the ingestion of dust and sand. This can result in significant damage to the engine's rotating components, impacting its life, reliability, and performance. To protect the engine from erosion and damage, an engine air particle separator system (EAPS) is installed in the engine inlet. In this study, a comparative numerical simulation was conducted between the hybrid filter and the VTS using the commercial software ANSYS Fluent. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) were used to simulate incompressible turbulent flow, and the trajectory of particles was tracked using the Discrete Phase Model (DPM). Particle trajectories and SEPARATION EFFICIENCY were analyzed for different particle sizes, inlet velocities, and bypass mass flow ratios between the scavenge channel and the core engine channel. The results show that the hybrid design provides excellent SEPARATION EFFICIENCY, with a recovery EFFICIENCY of over 97%.

Background and objectives: Doogh is a kind of Iranian fermented dairy-based drink produced by adding water and salt to yoghurt. The major problem of this product is serum SEPARATION during storage, because of its low pH and aggregation of caseins. In the present study, the EFFICIENCY of some hydrocolloids in preventing serum SEPARATION as well as the stabilization mechanism of gum tragacanth–a local gum - was investigated.Materials and methods: The effects of high-methoxyl pectin, tragacanth, and locust bean gum at different concentrations, individually and in combined forms, tragacanthin, and soybean soluble polysaccharides type M, on the stability of sour Doogh were investigated. In addition, the influence of gum tragacanth and locust bean gum on the stability of prebiotic Doogh (containing inulin) was also studied. In each case the duration of the study was 30 days. In order to elucidate the stabilization mechanism of gum tragacanth, the rheological properties, zeta potential and microstructural characteristics of the stabilized Doogh samples were measured.Results: According to our findings, tragacanthin, tragacanth and locust bean gum could inhibit serum SEPARATION for 30 days at a concentration of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%, respectively, while type M soybean soluble polysaccharides caused the stabilization at a concentration of 0.6% only for 6 days. Furthermore, combinations of gum tragacanth and locust bean gum were also effective in fully stabilizing Doogh (at a concentration of 0.15% and ratios of 80:20 and 50:50). Inulin was not effective in stabilizing the sour Doogh samples. However, tragacanth and locust bean gums inhibited serum SEPARATION in prebiotic Doogh. Based on our findings, the most suitable rheological model for the control samples and the samples containing hydrocolloids were the Newtonian and Power law, respectively.Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, tragacanthin (the water-soluble part of gum tragacanth) seems to have a major role in stabilizing Doogh, probably by being adsorbed onto caseins (via electrostatic and steric repulsion). On the other hand, bassorin (the water-insoluble part of gum tragacanth) may help stabilization by increasing viscosity. Therefore, gum tragacanth could be strongly recommended to be used as an adsorbing hydrocolloid in sour Doogh to inhibit serum SEPARATION.